How to cite this WIREs title:
WIREs Comp Stat

Ciphers

Advanced Review

William Stallings

Published Online: Mar 08 2011

DOI: 10.1002/wics.156

How to cite this article
Download citation
Contact the editor about this article
Authors: submit updates and notes
Comment on this article
Share

Full article on Wiley Online Library: HTML PDF

Can't access this content? Tell your librarian.

This article surveys three of the most widely used ciphers: the symmetric block cipher, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), the symmetric stream cipher, RC4, and the asymmetric cipher, RSA. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 239–250 DOI: 10.1002/wics.156

Figure 1.

AES (a) encryption and (b) decryption.

[ Normal View 60K | Magnified View 106K ]

Figure 2.

AES encryption round.

[ Normal View 73K | Magnified View 132K ]

Figure 3.

RC4. (a) Initial state of S and T; (b) initial permutation of S; and (c) stream generation.

[ Normal View 8K | Magnified View 19K ]

Figure 4.

The RSA algorithm.

[ Normal View 36K | Magnified View 57K ]

Figure 5.

Example of RSA algorithm.

[ Normal View 21K | Magnified View 31K ]

Figure 6.

RSA processing of multiple blocks. (a) General approach and (b) example.

[ Normal View 67K | Magnified View 130K ]

Figure 7.

The Diffie–Hellman key exchange algorithm.

[ Normal View 36K | Magnified View 59K ]

Figure 8.

Diffie–Hellman key exchange.

[ Normal View 24K | Magnified View 36K ]

References

1 Shirey, R. Internet Security Glossary. RFC 2828, May 2000.
2 National Institute of Standards and Technology. Advanced Encryption Standard. FIPS PUB 197, November 26, 2001.
3 Stallings, W. Cryptography and Network Security. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2011.
4 Robshaw, M. Stream Ciphers. RSA Laboratories Technical Report TR‐701, 1995.
5 Rivest, R, Shamir, A, Adleman, L. A method for obtaining digital signatures and public key cryptosystems. Commun ACM 1978, 21:120–126.
6 Singh, S. The Code Book: The Science of Secrecy from Ancient Egypt to Quantum Cryptography. New York: Anchor Books; 1999.
7 Hellman, M. The mathematics of public‐key cryptography. Sci Am 1970, 241:146–157.
8 Diffie, W, Hellman, M. New directions in cryptography. IEEE Trans Inf Theor 1976, IT‐22:644–654.

Resources

FURTHER READING
Diffie W, Hellman M. Privacy and authentication: an introduction to cryptography. Proc IEEE 1979, 67:397–427.
Landau S. Polynomials in the Nation’s service: using algebra to design the advanced encryption standard. Am Math Mon 2004, 111:89–117.
Schneier B. Applied Cryptography. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1996.
Stallings W. The advanced encryption standard. Cryptologia 2002, 26:165–188.
Crypto Forum Research Group. An Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) Research Group for the discussion and review of cryptographic mechanisms for network security in general and for the IETF in particular. Available at: http://www.irtf.org/rg/cfrg/
Cryptology ePrint archive: Provides rapid access to recent research in cryptology; consists of a collection of unrefereed papers. Available at: http://eprint.iacr.org/
IEEE Technical Committee on Security and Privacy: Copies of their newsletter, Cipher, and information on IEEE-related activities. Available at: http://www.ieee-security.org/index.html
Computer Security Resource Center: Maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); contains a broad range of information on security threats, technology, and standards. Available at: http://csrc.nist.gov/
Cryptology and encryption. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 (To Appear).

Article Title	Ciphers
* Name
* E-mail
* Note

Ciphers

Access to this WIREs title is by subscription only.

The latest WIREs articles in your inbox

Twitter: WIREsCompStat Follow us on Twitter

Ciphers

Browse by Topic

Access to this WIREs title is by subscription only.

The latest WIREs articles in your inbox

Twitter: WIREsCompStat Follow us on Twitter