References
1 Wisniewski, N, Reichert, M. Methods for reducing biosensor membrane biofouling. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2000; 18(
11–12): 197–219.
2 Andrade, JD, Hlady, V. Protein adsorption and materials biocompatibility–a tutorial review and suggested hypotheses. Adv Polym Sci 1986; 79: 1–63.
3 Orosz, KE, Gupta, S, Hassink, M, Abdel‐Rahman, M, Moldovan, L,
et al. Delivery of antiangiogenic and antioxidant drugs of ophthalmic interest through a nanoporous inorganic filter. Mol Vis 2004; 10: 555–565.
4 Lioni, L, Boiarski, A, Desai, TA. Characterization of nanoporous membranes for immunoisolation: diffusion properties and tissue effects. Biomed Microdevices 2002; 4(
2): 131–139.
5 Huang, Z, Zhang, W, Yu, J, Gao, D. Nanoporous alumina membranes for enhancing hemodialysis. J Med Devices 2007; 1(
1): 79–83 Mar.
6 Gatimu, EN, Sweedler, JV, Bohn, PW. Nanofluidics and the Role of Nanocapillary Array Membranes in Mass‐Limited Chemical Analysis. Analyst 2006; 131: 705–709 Jun.
7 Liu, GQ, Zhao, XS.
Nanoporous Materials: Science and Engineering. London:
Imperial College Press; 2003.
8 Tsuru, T. Inorganic Porous Membranes for Liquid Phase Separation. Sep Purif Methods 2001; 30(
2): 191–200.
9 Kuiper, S, van Rijn, CJM, Nijdam, W, Elwenspoek, M. Development and applications of very high flux microfiltration membranes. J Membr Sci 1998; 150(
1): 1–8.
10 Trautmann, C, Brüchle, W, Sphor, R, Vetter, J, Angert, N. Pore geometry of etched ion tracks in polyimide. Nucl Instr Meth B 1996; 111: 70–74.
11 Ulbricht, M. Advanced functional polymer membranes. Polymer 2006; 47: 2217–2262.
12 Adiga, SP, Curtiss, LA, Elam, JW, Pellin, MJ, Shih, CC,
et al. Nanoporous materials for biomedical devices. JOM 2008; 60(
3): 26–32.
13 Metz, S, Trautmann, C, Bertsch, A, Renaud, Ph. Polyimide microfluidic devices with integrated nanoporous filtration areas manufactured by micromachining and ion track technology. J Micromech Microeng 2004; 14(
3): 324–331.
14 Sexton, LT, Horne, LP, Martin, CR. Developing synthetic conical nanopores for biosensing applications. Mol Biosyst 2007; 3: 667–685.
15 Langley, PJ, Hulliger, J. Nanoporous and mesoporous organic structures: new opening for materials research. Chem Soc Rev 1999; 28(
5): 279–191.
16 Desai, TA, West, T, Cohen, M, Boiarski, T, Rampersaud, A. Nanoporous microsystems for islet cell replacement. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004; 56(
11): 1661–1673.
17 Desai, TA, Chu, WH, Tu, JK, Beattie, GM, Hayek, A,
et al. Microfabricated immunoisolating biocapsules. Biotechnol Bioeng 1998; 57(
1): 118–120.
18 Tao, SL, Desai, TA. Microfabricated drug delivery systems: from particles to pores. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2003; 55(
3): 315–328.
19 Tong, HD, Jansen, HV, Gadgil, VJ, Bostan, CG, Berenschot, E,
et al. Silicon nitride nanosieve membrane. Nano Lett 2004; 4(
2): 283–287.
20 O`Sullivan, JP, Wood, GC. The morphology and mechanism of formation of porous anodic films on aluminium. Proc R Soc Lond Ser A 1970; 317: 511–543.
21 Mardilovich, P, Govyadinov, AN, Mukhurov, NI, Rzhevskii, AM, Paterson, R. New and modified anodic alumina membranes. Part I. Thermotreatment of anodic alumina membranes. J Membr Sci 1995; 98(
1): 131–142.
22 Mardilovich, P, Govyadinov, AN, Mukhurov, NI, Paterson, R. New and modified anodic alumina membranes. Part II. Comparison of solubility of amorphous (normal) and polycrystalline anodic alumina membranes. J Membr Sci 1995; 98(
1): 143–155.
23 Masuda, H, Fukuda, K. Ordered metal nanohole arrays made by a two‐step replication of honeycomb structures of anodic alumina. Science 1995; 268: 1466–1468.
24 Masuda, H, Hasegwa, F, Ono, S. Self‐ordering of cell arrangement of anodic porous alumina formed in sulfuric acid solution. J Electrochem Soc 1997; 144(
5): L127–L130.
25 Shingubara, S, Morimoto, K, Sakaue, H, Takahagi, T. Self‐organization of a porous alumina nanohole array using a sulfuric/oxalic acid mixture as electrolyte. Electrochem Solid‐State Lett 2004; 7(
3): E15–E17.
26 Masuda, H, Yamada, H, Satoh, M, Asoh, H, Nakao, M,
et al. Highly ordered nanochannel‐array architecture in anodic alumina. Appl Phys Lett 1997; 71(
19): 2770–2772.
27 Asoh, H, Nishio, K, Nakao, M, Tamamura, T, Masuda, H. Conditions for Fabrication of Ideally Ordered Anodic Porous Alumina Using Pretextured Al. J Electrochem Soc 2001; 148: B152–B156.
28 Lee, W, Ji, R, Gösele, U, Nielsch, K. Fast fabrication of long‐range ordered porous alumina membranes by hard anodization. Nat Mater 2006; 5: 741–747.
29 Kipke, S, Schmid, G. Nanoporous alumina membranes as diffusion controlling systems. Adv Funct Mater 2004; 14(
12): 1184–1188.
30 Gong, D, Yadavalli, V, Paulose, M, Pishko, M, Grimes, CA. Controlled molecular release using nanoporous alumina capsules. Biomed Microdevices 2003; 5(
1): 75–80.
31 Föll, H, Christophersen, M, Carstensen, J, Hasse, G. Formation and application of porous silicon. Mater Sci Eng R Rep 2002; 39(
4): 93–141.
32 Föll, H, Carstensen, J, Frey, S. Porous and nanoporous semiconductors and emerging applications. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 2005; 876E: R12.1.1–R13.
33 Langa, S, Christophersen, M, Carstensen, J, Tiginyanu, IM, Föll, H. Electrochemical pore etching in Ge. Phys Stat Sol A 2003; 195: R4–R6.
34 Fang, C, Föll, H, Carstensen, J, Langa, S. Electrochemical pore etching in Ge‐an overview. Phys Stat Sol A 2007; 204: 1292–1296.
35 Létant, SE, Hart, BR, van Buuren, T, Terminello, LJ. Functionalized silicon membranes for selective bio‐organism capture. Nat Mater 2003; 2: 391–395.
36 Han, J. In: Di Ventra, M, Evoy, S, Heflin, JR eds.
Introduction to Nanoscale Science and Technology. New York:
Springer; 2004.
37 Ghosh, R.
Protein Bioseparation Using Ultrafiltration: Theory, Applications and New Developments. London:
Imperial College Press; 2002.
38 Fissell, WH, Humesa, HD, Fleischmanb, AJ, Roy, S. Dialysis and nanotechnology: now, 10 years, or never? Blood Purif 2007; 25(
1): 12–17.
39 Nishizawa, M, Menon, VP, Martin, CR. Metal nanotubule membranes with electrochemically switchable ion‐transport selectivity. Science 1995; 268: 700–702.
40 Li, Q, Luo, G, Feng, J, Zhou, Q, Zhang, L,
et al. Amperometric detection of glucose with glucose oxidase absorbed on porous nanocrystalline TiO2 film. Electroanalysis 2001; 13(
5): 413–416.
41 Singh, SP, Arya, SK, Pandey, P, Malhotra, BD, Saha, S,
et al. Cholesterol biosensor based on RF sputtered zinc oxide nanoporous thin film. Appl Phys Lett 2007; 91:063901.1–063901.3.
42 Joo, S, Park, S, Chung, TD, Kim, HC. Integration of a nanoporous platinum thin film into a microfluidic system for non‐enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensing. Anal Sci 2007; 23: 277–281.
43 Bayley, H, Cremer, BS. Stochastic sensors inspired by biology. Nature 2001; 413: 226–230.
44 Akeson, M, Branton, D, Kasianowicz, JJ, Brandin, E, Deamer, DW. Microsecond time‐scale discrimination among polycytidylic acid, polyadenylic acid, and polyuridylic acid as homopolymers or as segments within single RNA molecules. Biophys J 1999; 77(
6): 3227–3233.
45 Kasianowicz, JJ, Brandin, E, Branton, D, Deamer, DW. Characterization of individual polynucleotide molecules using a membrane channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93(
24): 13770–13773.
46 Kim, MJ, Wanunu, M, Bell, DC, Meller, A. Rapid fabrication of uniformly sized nanopores and nanopore arrays for parallel DNA analysis. Adv Mater 2006; 18: 3149–3153.
47 Tsujino, I, Ako, J, Honda, Y, Fitzgera, PJ. Drug delivery via nano‐, micro and macroporous coronary stent surfaces. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2007; 4(
3): 287–295.
48 Desai, TA, Sharma, S, Walczak, RJ, Boiarski, A, Cohen, M, Shapiro, J, West, T, Melnik, K, Cosentino, C, Sinha, PM, Ferrari, M. %22Nanoporous implants for controlled drug delivery%22. In: Desai, TA, Bhatia, S eds.
BioMEMS and Biomedical Nanotechnology Volume III Therapeutic Micro/Nanotechnology.
New York: Springer, 2007.
49 Lewis, AL. Phosphorylcholine‐based polymers and their use in the prevention of biofouling. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2000; 18(
3–4): 261–275.
50 Ishihara, K, Nomura, H, Mihara, T, Kurita, K, Iwasaki, Y,
et al. Why do phospholipid polymers reduce protein adsorption? J Biomat Res 1998; 39: 323–330.
51 Harrison, DJ, Turner, RFB, Baltes, HP. Characterization of perfluorosulfonic acid polymer coated enzyme electrodes and a miniaturized integrated potentiostat for glucose analysis in whole blood. Anal Chem 1988; 60: 2002–2007.
52 Lee, JH, Kopecek, J, Andrade, JD. Protein‐resistant surfaces prepared by PEO‐containing block copolymer surfactants. J Biomed Mater Res 1989; 23: 351–368.
53 Lindner, E, Cosofret, VV, Ufer, S, Buck, RP, Kao, WJ,
et al. Ion‐selective membranes with low plasticizer content: electroanalytical characterization and biocompatibility studies. J Biomed Mater Res 1994; 28(
5): 591–801.
54 La Flammea, KE, Popatb, KC, Leonic, L, Markiewiczc, E, La Tempad, TJ,
et al. Biocompatibility of nanoporous alumina membranes for immunoisolation. Biomaterials 2007; 28(
16): 2638–2645.
55 Morra, M. On the molecular basis of fouling resistance. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2000; 11(
6): 547–569.
56 Narayan, RJ, Jin, C, Menegazzo, N, Mizaikoff, B, Gerhardt, RA,
et al. Nanoporous hard carbon membranes for medical applications. J Nanosci Nanotech 2007; 7: 1486–2493.
57 Srinivasan, S, Sawyer, PN. Role of surface charge of the blood vessel wall, blood cells, and prosthetic materials in intravascular thrombosis. J Colloid Interface Sci 1970; 32: 456–463.
58 Monties, JR, Dion, I, Havlik, P, Rouais, F, Trinkl, J,
et al. Cora rotary pump for implantable left ventricular assist device: biomaterial aspects. Artif Organs 1997; 21: 730–734.
59 Jones, MI, McColl, IR, Grant, DM, Parker, KG, Parker, TL. Protein adsorption and platelet attachment and activation on TiN, TiC, And DLC coatings on titanium for cardiovascular applications. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 52(
2): 413–421.
60 Jones, MI, McColl, IR, Grant, DM, Parker, KG, Parker, TL. Haemocompatibility of DLC and TiC‐TiN interlayers on titanium. Diamond Relat Mater 1999; 8: 457–462.
61 Yu, LJ, Wang, X, Wang, XH, Liu, XH. Haemocompatibility of tetrahedral amorphous carbon films. Surf Coat Technol 2000; 128: 484–488.
62 Ritala, M, Leskela, M. In: Nalwa, HS ed.
Atomic Layer Deposition. Handbook of Thin Film Materials. Vol. 1. San Diego, CA:
Academic Press; 2001.
63 Pistorius, A, Willershausen, B. Biocompatibility of dental materials in two human cell lines. Eur J Med Res 2002; 7: 81–88.
64 Elam, JW, Routkevitch, D, Mardilovich, PP, George, SM. Conformal coating on ultrahigh‐aspect‐ratio nanopores of anodic alumina by atomic layer. Chem Mater 2003; 15(
18): 3507–3517.
65 Xiong, G, Elam, JW, Feng, H, Han, CY, Wang, HH,
et al. Effect of atomic layer deposition coatings on the surface structure of anodic aluminum oxide membranes. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109: 14059–14063.
66 Ratner, BD, Hoffman, AS, Schoen, FJ, Lemons, JE eds.
Biomaterials Science, Second Edition: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine. San Diego, CA:
Academic Press; 2004.
67 Park, JB, Bronzino, JD eds.
Biomaterials: Principles and Application. Boca Raton, FL:
CRC Press; 2002.
68 Mika, M, Childs, RF, Dickson, JM. Chemical valves based on poly(4‐vinylpyridine)‐filled microporous membranes. J Memb Sci 1999; 153(
1): 45–56.
69 Adiga, SP, Brenner, DW. Toward designing smart nanovalves: modeling of flow control through nanopores via the helix‐coil transition of grafted polypeptide chains. Macromolecules 2007; 40(
4): 1342–1348.
70 Åkerman, S, Viinikka, P, Svarfvar, B, Putkonen, K, Järvinen, K,
et al. Drug permeation through a temperature‐sensitive poly(N‐ isopropylacrylamide) grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane. Int J Pharma 1998; 164: 29–36.
71 Ito, Y, Park, YS. Signal‐responsive gating of porous membranes by polymer brushes. Polym Adv Technol 2000; 11(
3): 136–144.
