Many nanomaterials can be used to develop inhalable nanomedicines that can be administered with various aerosolization devices. Pulmonary delivery of these systems leads to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and safety by targeting diseased cells in many common lung diseases, such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and tuberculosis.

Nanocarriers that can introduce oxygen to tumors as well as increase the penetration depth of irradiation to tissues are good candidates for the delivery of photosensitizers to improve the therapeutic outcomes of photodynamic therapy.

Overview of single and multiple foodborne pathogen detections using gold nanoparticle assays.

An overview of strategically designed nanoscale gadolinium‐based contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. These contrast agents are engineered following conjugation and/or encapsulation strategies with the goal to achieve unique pharmacokinetics to improve safety profile and contrast.

Virus‐like particles, a powerful and flexible platform for the development of cancer vaccines.

The release of therapeutic agents is controlled by specific stimuli including physical (thermo/light, extra magnetic field, ultrasound), chemical (pH, enzyme, redox), and biological (reactive oxygen species [ROS], matrix metalloproteinase 2 [MMP2]).

Key Characteristics of RNA Nanoparticles.