Allan,, J. A. (2011). Virtual water: Tackling the threat to our planet`s most precious resource. London, England: I. B. Tauris.
Allan,, J. A., Keulertz,, M., Soiamo,, S., & Warner,, J. (Eds.). (2013). Handbook of land and water grabs in Africa: Foreign direct investment and food and water security. London, England: Routledge.
Amin,, S. (1976). An essay on the social formations of peripheral capitalism. New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.
Arrighi,, G. (1967). The political economy of Rhodesia. The Hague, The Netherlands: Mouton.
Arrighi,, G. (1970). Labor supplies in historical perspective: A study of the proletarianization of the African peasantry in Rhodesia. Journal of Development Studies, 6(3), 197–234.
Arrighi,, G., Aschoff,, N., & Scully,, B. (2010). Accumulation by dispossession and its limits:The southern Africa paradigm revisited. Studies in Comparative International Development, 45, 410–438.
Baker Tilly Business Services Ltd. (2013). National Audit Office of Malawi: “Cashgate” A summary report on the findings arising from work carried out into Fraud and Mismanagement of Malawi Government Finances.. London: Baker Tilly Risk Advisory Services LLP. https://issuu.com/npl8/docs/cashgate_national_audit_office_of_m
Bakker,, K. (2004). An uncooperative commodity: Privatising water in England and Wales. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Banda,, J., & Mulwafu,, W. O. (1998). Evaluation of the Malawi Parliamentary Training Programme, Unpublished Report for UNESCO. Zomba: National Assembly of Malawi.
Bay,, E. G. (Ed.). (1982). Women and work in Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview.
Bayart,, J.‐F. (1993). The state in Africa: The politics of the belly. London, England: Longman.
Bayart,, J.‐F., & Ellis,, S. (2000). Africa in the World: A History of Extraversion. African Affairs., 99(395, Centenary Issue: A Hundred Years of Africa), 217–267.
Bayat,, A. (2000). Dangerous classes’ to ‘quiet rebels’: Politics of the urban subaltern in the global south. International Sociology, 15(3), 533–557.
Beinart,, W. (2000). African history and environmental history. African Affairs, 99, 269–302.
Berry,, S. (1992). Hegemony on a shoestring: Indirect rule and access to agricultural land. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, 62(3), 327–355.
Brooks,, A. R., & Loftus,, A. J. (2016). Africa`s passive revolution: Crisis in Malawi. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 41, 258–272. https://doi.org/10.1111/TRAN.12120
Brownhill,, L. (Ed.). (2009). Land, food, freedom: Struggles for the gendered commons in Kenya, 1870–2007. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
Bryant,, R., & Bailey,, S. (Eds.). (1997). Third world political ecology. New York, NY: Routledge.
Carmody,, P. (2011). The new scramble for Africa. Cambridge, England: Polity Press.
Chanock,, M. (1985). Law, custom and social order: The colonial experience in Malawi and Zambia. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Cooke,, B. (2003). A new continuity with colonial administration: Participation in development management. Third World Quarterly, 24(1), 47–61.
Cornwall,, A. (Ed.). (2005). Readings in Gender in Africa. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Davidson,, B. (1980). The African slave trade. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company.
DeGabriele,, J. (2002). Improving community based management of bore holes: A case study from Malawi (Final Research Report). BASIS CRSP, Madison, WI. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnacp702.pdf
Donahue,, J., & Johnston,, B. R. (Eds.). (1997). Water, culture and power: Local struggles in a global context. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Du Plessis,, C., & Landman,, K. (2002). Sustainability analysis of human settlements in South Africa. Pretoria, South Africa: CSIR Building and Construction Technology.
Englund,, H. (Ed.). (2002). A democracy of chameleons: Politics and culture in the new Malawi. Elanders Gotal: Stockholm, Sweden.
Ferguson,, A. & Mulwafu,, W.O. (2004) Irrigation reform on Malawi`s Domasi and Likangala smallholder irrigation schemes: Exploring land‐water intersections (Final Research Report). BASIS CRSP, Madison, WI. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnade775.pdf
Ferguson,, A., & Mulwafu,, W. O. (2007). If government failed, how are we to succeed?: The importance of history and context in present‐day irrigation reform in Malawi. In B. Van Koppen,, M. Giordano,, & J. Butterworth, (Eds.), Community based water law and water resources management reform in developing countries Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series 5 (pp. 211–227). Wallingford, England: CAB International.
Ferguson,, J. (Ed.). (1990). The anti‐politics machine: “Development”, depoliticization and bureaucratic power in Lesotho. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Fontein,, J. (2008). The power of water: Landscape, water and the state in southern and eastern Africa: An introduction. Journal of Southern African Studies, 34(4), 737–756.
Foster,, J. B., & Clark,, B. (2008). The sociology of ecology: Ecological organism versus ecosystem ecology in the social construction of ecological science, 1926‐1935. Organisation and Environment, 21(3), 311–352.
Franco,, J., Mehta,, L., & Veldwisch,, G. J. (2013). The global politics of water grabbing. Third World Quarterly, 34(9), 1651–1675.
GOM. (1995). Government of Malawi, Waterworks Act, No. 17 of 1995, Retrieved from http://www.malawilii.org/mw/legislation/num-act/1995/17/numact199517.pdf
GOM. (2013). National water resources act. Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development.
GOM. (2014). Millenium development goals endline report. Lilongwe, Malawi.
Grove,, R. H. (1995). Green imperialism: Colonial expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the origins of environmentalism, 1600–1860. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Guelke,, L., & Shell,, R. (1992). Landscapes of conquest: Frontier water alienation and Khoikhoi strategies of survival, 1652‐1780. Journal of Southern African Studies, 18(4), 803–824.
Hames,, M. (2006). Rights and realities: Limits to Women`s rights and citizenship after 10 years of democracy in South Africa. Third World Quarterly, 27(7), 1313–1327.
Harvey,, D. (1982). The limits to capital. Oxford, England: Blackwell.
Harvey,, D. (2003). The new imperialism. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Harvey,, R. (Ed.). (2001). The fall of apartheid: The insider story from smuts to Mbeki. New York, NY: Palgrave.
Hastrup,, K. B., & Hastrup,, F. (2015). Waterworlds: Anthropology in fluid environments Ethnography, theory, experiment (Vol. 3). Oxford, England: Berghahn Books.
Hellum,, A., Kameri‐Mbote,, P., & van Koppen,, B. (Eds.). (2015). Water is life: Women`s human rights in national and local water governance in southern and eastern Africa. Harare, Zimbabwe: Weaver Press.
Hobsbawm,, E., & Ranger,, T. (Eds.). (1984). The invention of tradition. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Hoekstra,, A. Y. (2009). Human appropriation of natural capital: A comparison of ecological footprint and water footprint analysis. Ecological Economics, 2009(68), 1963–1974.
Hoekstra,, A. Y., Chapagain,, A. K., & Zhang,, G. (2016). Water footprints and sustainable water allocation. Sustainability, 2016(8), 20.
Hoekstra,, A.Y. & Hung,, P.Q. (2002). Virtual water trade: A quantification of virtual water flows between nations in relation to international crop trade (UNESCO‐IHE Value of Water Research Report Series). Delft, The Netherlands: IHE.
Hoekstra,, A. Y., & Mekonnen,, M. M. (2012). The water footprint of humanity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 3232–3237.
Hunter,, M. (1936). Reaction to conquest. London, England: Oxford University Press.
Johnston,, B. R. (2003). The political ecology of water: An introduction. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 14(3), 73–90.
Jul‐Larsen,, E., & Mvula,, P. (2009). Security for many or surplus for the few? Customary tenure and social differentiation in southern Malawi. Journal of Southern African Studies, 35(1), 175–190.
van Koppen,, B. (2007). Dispossession at the Interface of community‐based water law and permit systems. In B. Van Koppen,, M. Giordano,, & J. Butterworth, (Eds.), Community‐based water law and water resource management reform in developing countries (pp. 211–227). CABI Publishing.
Lehohla,, P., & Shabalala,, N. (2014). Inequality in South Africa. Development, 57(3–4), 497–511.
Loftus,, A. (2009). Rethinking political ecologies of water. Third World Quarterly, 30(5), 953–968.
Luxemburg,, R. (1913). The Accumulation of Capital, reprinted (2003). Abingdon, England: Routledge Classics.
Magala,, J. M., Kabonesa,, C., & Staines,, A. (2015). Women and water politics: An ethnographic gender perspective. In R. Munck,, N. Asingwire,, G. H. Fagan,, & C. Kabonesa, (Eds.), Water and development: Good governance after neoliberalism, Chapter Eight, Part Two. (pp. 172–180). London, England: Zed Books.
Maharajh,, R. (2011). Innovating beyond racial capitalism: A contribution towards the analysis of the political economy of post‐apartheid South Africa. Lund Studies in Research Policy 3. Lund, Sweden: Lund University.
Mamdani,, M. (1996). Citizen and subject: Contemporary Africa and the legacy of late colonialism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Mehta,, L., Veldwisch,, G. J., & Franco,, J. (2012). Introduction to the special issue: Water grabbing? Focus on the (re)appropriation of finite water resources. Water Alternatives, 5(2), 193–207.
Mhone,, G. (Ed.). (1992). Malawi at the crossroads: The post‐colonial political economy. Harare, Zimbabwe: SAPES.
Mills,, D. (2006). How not to be a “government house pet”: Audrey Richards and the east African Institute for Social Research. In M. Ntarangwi,, D. Mills,, & M. Babiker, (Eds.), African anthropologies: History, critique and practice. New York, NY: Zed Books.
Mintz,, S. (1985). Sweetness and power: The place of sugar in modern history. New York, NY: Viking‐Penguin.
Mizuno,, N., & Okazawa,, R. (2009). Colonial experience and postcolonial underdevelopment in Africa. Public Choice, 141, 405–419.
Mulwafu,, W. O. (2011). Conservation song: A history of peasant‐state relations on the environment in Malawi, 1,860–2000. Cambridge, England: The White Horse Press.
Musisi,, N. B. (2001). Gender and the cultural construction of “bad women” in the development of Kampala‐Kibuga, 1900–1962. In D. L. Hodgson, & S. A. McCurdy, (Eds.), “Wicked” women and the reconfiguration of gender in Africa. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Nagoli,, J., Green,, E., Mulwafu,, W. O., & Chiwona‐Karltun,, L. (2017). Coping with the double crisis: Lake Chilwa recession and the great depression on Chisi Island in colonial Malawi, 1930–1935. Human Ecology, 45(1), 111–117.
Naqvi,, N., & Mathur,, C. (2001). After colonialism: An interview with Mahmood Mamdani. SAMAR, 13, 24–28.
Obbo,, C. (1980). African women: Their struggle for economic independence. London, England: Zed Books.
Orlove,, B., & Caton,, S. (2010). Water sustainability: Anthropological approaches and prospects. Annual Review of Anthropology, 39, 401–415.
Pachai,, B. (Ed.). (1978). Land and politics in Malawi, 1,875–1975. Kingston, Canada: Limestone Press.
Pakenham,, T. (1991). The scramble for Africa, 1,876–1912. London, England: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.
Peet,, R., Robbins,, P., & Watts,, M. (Eds.). (2010). Global political ecology. New York, NY: Routledge.
Peet,, R., & Watts,, M. (Eds.). (2004). Liberation ecologies. New York, NY: Routledge.
Peters,, P. (2004). Inequality and social conflict over land in Africa. Journal of Agrarian Change, 4(3), 269–314.
Peters,, P., & Kambewa,, D. (2007). Whose security? Deepening social conflict over ‘customary’ land in the shadow of land tenure reform in Malawi. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 45(3), 447–472.
Razavi,, S. (2009). Engendering the political economy of agrarian change. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 36(1), 197–226.
Richards,, A. I. (Ed.). (1954). Economic development and tribal change: A study of immigrant labour in Buganda. Cambridge, England: East African Institute of Social Research by W. Heffer and Sons Ltd.
Robins,, S. (2014). Poo wars as matter out of place: ‘Toilets for Africa’ in cape town. Anthropology Today, 30, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8,322.12081
Rodríguez‐Labajos,, B., & Martínez‐Alier,, J. (2015). Political ecology of water conflicts. WIREs Water, 2, 537–558. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1092
Rusca,, M., Boakye‐Ansah,, A. S., Loftus,, A., Ferrero,, G., & van der Zaag,, P. (2017). An interdisciplinary political ecology of drinking water quality: Exploring socio‐ecological inequalities in Lilongwe`s water supply network. Geoforum, 84, 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.06.013
Southall,, A. (1970). The illusion of tribe. Journal of African and Asian Studies, 5, 28–50.
Spiegel,, A. (1980). Changing patterns of migrant labour and rural differentiation in Lesotho. Social Dynamics, 6(2).
Strang,, V. (2004). The meaning of water. London, England: Berg.
Strang,, V. (2009). Gardening the world: Agency, identity, and the ownership of water. Oxford, England: Berghahn Publishers.
Swanson,, M. (1977). The sanitation syndrome: Bubonic plague and urban native policy in the cape Colony, 1900–1909. The Journal of African History, 18.
Swyngedouw,, E. (2003). Privatising H2O: turning local water into global money. Journal fur Entwicklungspolitik, 19(4), 10–33.
Transparency International. (2008). Global corruption report 2008: Corruption in the water sector. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
UN. (2013). Women and agricultural water resource management. Retrieved from http://unchronicle.un.org/article/women-and-agricultural-water-resource management/
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2006). Human development report 2006 ‐ beyond scarcity: Power poverty and the global water crisis. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
van Koppen,, B., van der Zaag,, P., Manzungu,, E., & Tapela,, B. (2014). Roman water law in rural Africa: The unfinished business of colonial dispossession. Water International, 39(1), 49–62.
van Onselen,, C. (1982). Social and economic history of the Witswatersrand, 1886–1914 (Vol. 1 %26 2). Johannesburg, South Africa: Ravan Press.
Vaughan,, M. (1987). The story of an African famine: Gender and famine in twentieth century Malawi. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
WaMuiu,, M. (2010). Colonial and postcolonial state and development in Africa. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 77(4), 1311–1338.
Wittfogel,, K. A. (1957). Oriental despotism: A comparative study of Total power. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Wolf,, E. R. (1982). Europe and the people without history. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Wolpe,, H. (1972). Capitalism and cheap labour‐power in South Africa: From segregation to apartheid. Economy and Society, 1(4), 425–455.