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WIREs Water

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A review of freely accessible global datasets for the study of floods, droughts and their interactions with human societies

Overview

Sara Lindersson, Luigia Brandimarte, Johanna Mård, Giuliano Di Baldassarre

Published Online: Mar 06 2020

DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1424

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Abstract The availability of planetary‐scale geospatial datasets that can support the study of water‐related disasters in the Anthropocene is rapidly growing. We review 124 global and free datasets allowing spatial (and temporal) analyses of floods, droughts and their interactions with human societies. Our collection of datasets is available in a descriptive list for download at https://zenodo.org/record/3368882. The purpose of providing an overview of datasets across a wide range of hydrological and socioeconomic variables is to highlight research opportunities across scientific disciplines for the study of the water‐society interplay. Our collection of datasets confirms that the availability of geospatial data capturing hydrological hazards and exposure is far more mature than those capturing vulnerability aspects. We do not only highlight the unprecedented opportunities associated with these global datasets for the study of water‐related disasters in the Anthropocene, but also discuss the challenges associated with their exploitation. These challenges include: (a) time varying datasets advised not to be used in time series analyses; (b) fine spatial resolution datasets advised not to be used in local scale studies; (c), datasets built by a wide variety of data sources prohibiting systematic uncertainty assessments; and (d) datasets built by covariate variables preventing interaction studies. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Planning Water Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water Science of Water > Water Extremes

Number of articles (2000–2018) in Web of Science Core Collection database (Clarivate Analytics, ) containing the terms “flood” or “drought” or “hydrological extreme” when refined by “global.” The five most common article categories are Environmental sciences, Meteorology atmospheric sciences, Geosciences multidisciplinary, Water resources, and Ecology

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Data dependencies among datasets of different categories. Arrow direction shows which dataset is using the other as data source. Symbol size indicates how frequently it is used by other datasets in this data collection. Only direct relationships among the datasets are included in this figure. Indirect dependency relationships, for instance if two datasets are based on the same satellite imagery, are therefore not shown here. Layout of network chart follows ordination, produced in software NetDraw (Borgatti, ). Full descriptions of all datasets, with respective references, are available at https://zenodo.org/record/3368882

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Temporal and spatial resolutions of raster datasets by category. Only raster datasets with specified spatial resolutions are included in this figure. Datasets with static or irregular temporal resolutions are not included in this figure. Full descriptions of all datasets, with respective references, are available at https://zenodo.org/record/3368882

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Time period and resolution of datasets grouped by categories. Thick bars indicate datasets with annual temporal resolutions or finer. Dots with thin lines indicate datasets representing individual year(s). Arrowheads indicate that temporal coverage extends further back in time than displayed in this chart. Datasets without specified temporal representations, for instance static datasets based on a variety of data sources, are not included in this figure. Full descriptions of all datasets, with respective references, are available at https://zenodo.org/record/3368882

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Temporal resolution and data format of datasets by category. Static datasets are snapshots and do not capture change over time. Irregular datasets include datasets with irregular recurrence time and event‐based datasets. Tabular data format includes both tables with and without geographic representation, such as coordinates. Datasets lacking specification of temporal resolution or data format, for example due to variations between measuring stations, are not included in this figure. Some datasets offer multiple temporal resolutions and data formats, for which all alternatives are included in this figure

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Categories and subcategories of the 124 freely accessible global datasets included in this review. Included variables all relate to hydrological extremes and societies, based on published conceptualizations of human–water disaster systems. Number of datasets in each category is given underneath the title. The width of the categories and sub‐categories indicate the number of datasets. All datasets are described in the data table available at https://zenodo.org/record/3368882

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Further Reading

Frasson,, R. P. d. M., Pavelsky,, T. M., Fonstad,, M. A., Durand,, M. T., Allen,, G. H., Schumann,, G., … Yang,, X. (2019). Global relationships between river width, slope, catchment area, meander wavelength, sinuosity, and discharge. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(6), 3252–3262. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl082027

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