Allen, M, Frame, D, Huntingford, C, Jones, C, Lowe, JA, Meinshausen, M, Meinshausen, N. Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne. Nature 2009, 458:1163–1166. doi: 10.1038/nature08019.
Matthews, HD, Caldeira, K. Stabilizing climate requires near‐zero emissions. Geophys Res Lett 2008, 35:L04705. doi: 10.1029/2007GL032388.
Anderson, K, Bows, A. Reframing the climate change challenge in light of post‐2000 emission trends. Phil Trans R Soc A 2008, 366:3863–3882.
Rogelj, J, Hare, W, Lowe, J, van Vuuren, DP, Riahi, K, Matthews, B, Hanaoka, T, Jiang, K, Meinshausen, M. Emission pathways consistent with a 2 °C global temperature limit. Nat Clim Change 2011, 1:413–418.
Solomon, S, Plattner, GK, Knutti, R, Friedlingstein, P. Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106:1704–1709. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0812721106.
Bowerman, N, Frame, D, Huntingford, C, Jason, A, Lowe, J, Allen, M. Cumulative carbon emissions, emissions floors and short‐term rates of warming: implications for policy. Phil Trans R Soc A 2011, 369:45–66.
IPCC. Climate change 2014: mitigation of climate change. In: Edenhofer, O, Pichs‐Madruga, R, Sokona, Y, Farahani, E, Kadner, S, Seyboth, K, Adler, A, Baum, I, Brunner, S, Eickemeier, P, et al., eds. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2014.
Kriegler, E, Weyant, JP, Blanford, GJ, Krey, V, Edmonds, J, Riahi, K, Richels, R, Tavoni, M. The role of technology for achieving climate policy objectives: overview of the EMF 27 study on global technology and climate policy strategies. Clim Change 2014, 123:353–367.
Myhrvold, NP, Caldeira, K. Greenhouse gases, climate change and the transition from coal to low‐carbon electricity. Environ Res Lett 2012, 7:014019. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/014019.
Hoffert, MI. Farewell to fossil fuels? Science 2012, 329:1292–1294. doi: 10.1126/science.1195449.
Davis, SJ, Caldeira, K, Matthews, HD. Future CO2 emissions and climate change from existing energy infrastructure. Science 2012, 329:1330–1333. doi: 10.1126/science.1188566.
Greenpeace/EREC. Energy [R]evolution: A Sustainable World Energy Outlook. Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Brussels, Belgium: Greenpeace %26 European Renewable Energy Council; 2010.
Jacobson, M, Delucchi, M. Providing all global energy with wind, water, and solar power, part I: technologies, energy resources, quantities and areas of infrastructure, and materials. Energy Policy 2011, 39:1154–1169.
Delucchi, M, Jacobson, M. Evaluating the feasibility of meeting all global energy needs with wind, water, and solar power, part II: reliability, system and transmission costs, and policies. Energy Policy 2011, 39:1170–1190.
Worldwatch Institute. Renewable Revolution: Low‐Carbon Energy by 2030. Worldwatch Institute, 2009.
Brook, BW. Could nuclear fission energy, etc., solve the greenhouse problem? The affirmative case. Energy Policy 2012, 42:4–8. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.11.041.
Clarke, L, Edmonds, J, Jacoby, H, Pitcher, H, Reilly, J, Richels, R. Scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric concentrations. Sub‐report 2.1A of Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.1. U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research. Department of Energy, Office of Biological & Environmental Research, Washington, DC, 2007.
Clarke, L, Edmonds, J, Krey, V, Richels, R, Rose, S, Tavoni, M. International climate policy architectures: overview of the EMF 22 international scenarios. Energy Econ 2009, 31:S64–S81.
GEA. Global Energy Assessment: Towards a Sustainable Future. Cambridge, UK: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis and Cambridge University Press; 2012.
IEA. World Energy Outlook 2010. Paris, France: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/International Energy Agency; 2010.
IEA. Energy Technology Perspectives 2010: Scenarios and Strategies to 2050. Paris, France: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/International Energy Agency; 2010.
World Wildlife Fund. Climate Solutions: WWF`s Vision for 2050. Gland, Switzerland: World Wildlife Fund; 2007.
McKinsey and Company: Pathways to a Low Carbon Economy. New York, NY: McKinsey %26 Company; 2009.
Calvin, KV, Clarke, LE, Krey, V, eds. The Asia modeling exercise: exploring the role of Asia in mitigating climate change (special issue). Energy Econ 2012, 34(suppl 3):S251–S512.
Hughes, N, Strachan, N. Methodological review of UK and international low carbon scenarios. Energy Policy 2010, 38:6056–6065. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.05.061.
van Vliet, J, Hof, AF, Mendoza Beltran, A, van den Berg, M, Deetman, S, den Elzen, MJ, Lucas, PL, van Vuuren, D: The impact of technology availability on the timing and costs of emission reductions for achieving long‐term climate targets. Clim Change 2014, 123: 559‐569.
IEA. CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion: Highlights 2012. Paris, France: International Energy Agency; 2012.
Kriegler, E, Weyant, JP, Blanford, GJ, Krey, V, Clarke, L, Edmonds, J, Fawcett, A, Luderer, G, Riahi, K, Richels, R, et al. The role of technology for achieving climate policy objectives: overview of the EMF 27 study on global technology and climate policy strategies. Clim Change 2014, 123:353–367. doi: 10.1007/s10584-013-0953-7.
EIA. International Energy Outlook. Washington, DC: U.S. Energy Information Administration, DOE/EIA‐0484; 2010.
IEA. World Energy Outlook 2011. Paris, France:Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and International Energy Agency; 2011.
Schipper, L, Fulton, L. Disappointed by Diesel? The Impact of the Shift to Diesels in Europe through 2006. Trans Res Rec 2009 Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2139–01.
World Bank: World Bank Databank; 2012. Available at: http://databank.worldbank.org/. (Accessed September 29, 2013).
Jenkins, J. Which nations have reduced carbon intensity the fastest? Breakthrough Institute, April 3, 2012. Available at: http://thebreakthrough.org/archive/which_nations_have_reduced_car. (Accessed September 29, 2013).
Wilson, C. Meta‐analysis of unit and industry level scaling dynamics in energy technologies and climate change mitigation scenarios. IIASA Report IR‐09‐029; 2009.
British Petroleum. BP statistical review of world energy 2012; 2012. Available at: bp.com/statisticalreview. (Accessed September 29, 2013).
WWEA. World Wind Energy Report 2009. Bonn, Germany: World Wind Energy Association; 2010.
EPIA. Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics until 2014. Brussels, Belgium: European Photovoltaics Industry Association; 2010.
GWEC and Greenpeace. Global Wind Energy Outlook 2012. Brussels, Belgium: Global Wind Energy Council; 2012.
EPIA. Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2013–2017. Brussels, Belgium: European Photovoltaic Industry Association; 2013.
EPIA. Unlocking the Sunbelt Potential of Photovoltaics. Brussels, Belgium: European Photovoltaic Industry Association; 2010.
ESTELA. Concentrating Solar Power: Global Outlook 2009. Brussels, Belgium: European Solar Thermal Electricity Association; 2009.
MIT. The Future of Geothermal Energy: Impact of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) on the United States in the 21st Century. Cambridge, MA: MIT; 2006.
Smil, V. Energy at the Crossroads: Global Perspectives and Uncertainties. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2003.
Smil, V. Energy Myths and Realities: Bringing Science to the Energy Policy Debate. Washington, DC: AEI Press; 2010.
Nocera, DG. On the future of global energy. Daedalus 2006, 135:112.
Lewis, N. Powering the planet. MRS Bull 2007, 2007:808–820.
MacKay, D 2009: Sustainable Energy Without the Hot Air. UIT Cambridge. Available at: http://www.withouthotair.com. (Accessed September 29, 2013).
Searchinger, T, Heimlich, R, Houghton, RA, Dong, F, Elobeid, A, Fabiosa, J, Tokgoz, S, Hayes, D, and Yu, T. Use of U.S. croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land‐use change. Science 2008, 319:1238. doi: 10.1126/science.1151861.
Lapola, DM, Schaldach, R, Alcamo, J, Bondeau, A, Koch, J, Koelking, C, Priess, JA. Indirect land‐use changes can overcome carbon savings from biofuels in Brazil. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010, 107:3388–93. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0907318107.
Edwards, R, Mulligan, D, Marelli, L. Indirect land use change from increased biofuels demand: comparison of models and results for marginal biofuels production from different feedstocks. EC Joint Research Commission 59771; 2010. doi: 10.2788/54137.
Plevin, RJ, O`Hare, M, Jones, AD, Torn, MS, Gibbs, HK. Greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels` indirect land use change are uncertain but may be much greater than previously estimated. Environ Sci Technol 2010, 44. doi: 10.1021/es101946t.
Arima, EY, Richards, P, Walker, R, and Caldas, MM. Statistical confirmation of indirect land use change in the Brazilian Amazon. Environ Res Lett 2011, 6:024010. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/6/2/024010.
Belzowski, BM, McManus, W. Alternative powertrain strategies and fleet turnover in the 21st century. University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute Report UMTRI‐2010‐20, 2010. Available at: http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/78001/102673.pdf. (Accessed September 29, 2013).
Electrification Coalition. Electrification Roadmap: Revolutionizing Transportation And Achieving Energy Security. Washington, DC: Electrification Coalition; 2009.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Standards of performance for greenhouse gas emissions from new stationary sources: electric utility generating units; proposed rule, 79 Fed. Reg. 1430, 1471 (January 8, 2014) (citing Dooley JJ, Davidson CL, Dahowski RT. An Assessment of the Commercial Availability of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Technologies as of June 2009. PNNL‐18520, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA; 2009.
Jacobson, M, Delucchi, M. A path to sustainable energy by 2030. Scientific American, November 2009, 58–65.
MIT Energy Initiative. Managing Large‐Scale Penetration of Intermittent Renewables. Cambridge, MA: MIT; 2011.
Idaho Power. Wind Integration Study Report. Boise, ID: Idaho Power; 2012.
Denholm, P, Hand, M. Grid flexibility and storage required to achieve very high penetration of variable renewable electricity. Energy Policy 2011, 39:1817–1830. NREL Report No. JA‐6A20‐49400.
Denholm, P, Margolis, R. Very large‐scale deployment of grid‐connected solar photovoltaics in the united states: challenges and opportunities. NREL Report No. CP‐620‐39683; 2006.
Mills, A, Wiser, R, Porter, K. A critical review of wind transmission cost estimates from major transmission planning efforts. In: 27th USAEE/IAEE North American Conference, Houston, TX, 18–19 September, 2007.
Melaina, MW, Heath, G, Sandor, D, Steward, D, Vimmerstedt, L, Warner, E, Webster, KW. Alternative fuel infrastructure expansion: costs, resources, production capacity, and retail availability for low‐carbon scenarios. NREL Report DOE/GO‐102013‐3710; 2013, 101.
Greenpeace. False hope: why carbon capture and storage won`t save the climate. Greenpeace Report JN136, May 2008.