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WIREs Energy Environ.

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Technical impacts of high penetration levels of wind power on power system stability

Advanced Review

D. Flynn, Z. Rather, A. Ardal, S. D'Arco, A.D. Hansen, N.A. Cutululis, P. Sorensen, A. Estanquiero, E. Gómez, N. Menemenlis, C. Smith, Ye Wang

Published Online: Jun 06 2016

DOI: 10.1002/wene.216

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With increasing penetrations of wind generation, based on power‐electronic converters, power systems are transitioning away from well‐understood synchronous generator‐based systems, with growing implications for their stability. Issues of concern will vary with system size, wind penetration level, geographical distribution and turbine type, network topology, electricity market structure, unit commitment procedures, and other factors. However, variable‐speed wind turbines, both onshore and connected offshore through DC grids, offer many control opportunities to either replace or enhance existing capabilities. Achieving a complete understanding of future stability issues, and ensuring the effectiveness of new measures and policies, is an iterative procedure involving portfolio development and flexibility assessment, generation cost simulations, load flow, and security analysis, in addition to the stability analysis itself, while being supported by field demonstrations and real‐world model validation. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e216. doi: 10.1002/wene.216 This article is categorized under: Wind Power > Systems and Infrastructure Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure

Inertia duration curves for All‐Island system of Ireland.

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Measured quantities [(phase currents (blue) and voltages (magenta)] at receiving end of transmission line in ERCOT system. Source: Electranix.

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Voltage security boundary of the Western Danish power system, dependent on conventional power plant (CPP), combined heat and power (CHP), and wind generation mix.

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Reactive power versus voltage analysis (QV curves) for 400 kV busbar Woodland for winter maximum load and various wind power levels in the All Island System.

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Load‐induced voltage collapse in heavy summer base case, Midway‐Vincet (500 kV), California. (Reprinted with permission from the Ref 86. Copyright 2014 National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

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Fault ride through certified wind power in Spain.

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Low voltage‐ride through requirement from wind power plants in various countries.

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Distribution of frequency nadirs of European Continental synchronous area following a reference incident.

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Maximum RoCoF for All Island (Ireland) System for the year 2020 following tripping of the largest infeed/outfeed.

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Frequency response of Light Spring Hi‐Mix case—DG trip versus two Palo Verde unit trips. (Reprinted with permission from the Ref 86. Copyright 2014 National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

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Representative schematic of power system operational analysis.

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