How to cite this WIREs title:
WIREs Energy Environ.

Impact Factor: 2.922

Integration of renewable energy systems and challenges for dynamics, control, and automation of electrical power systems

Advanced Review

Amirhossein Sajadi, Luka Strezoski, Vladimir Strezoski, Marija Prica, Kenneth A. Loparo

Published Online: Aug 15 2018

DOI: 10.1002/wene.321

Full article on Wiley Online Library: HTML PDF

Can't access this content? Tell your librarian.

This paper tackles the key challenges for dynamics, control, and automation of power systems that are imposed by the integration of renewable power plants. First, the current practice of automation and control in large‐scale power systems are reviewed. Then, dynamics and control of electrical transmission systems are discussed and the issues associated with the integration of large‐scale wind and solar power plants are exploited. The discussion carries on with a focus on control of electrical distribution systems and the key issues associated with the integration of distributed generation power plants. An emerging concern in power and energy industry is the dynamic interaction between transmission and distribution systems as a result of technological and topological changes in power systems that can put their control at risk. These topics are also covered in this paper. In terms of automation, the key challenges and opportunities for accommodation of higher penetration and share of renewable energy, as part of the vision for grid modernization, are explored in this paper. Throughout the discussion, some results from the recent studies are shown. This article is categorized under: Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure

The energy management system and its constitutive components

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

A conceptual visualization of future power system including power flows and data exchange links

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

Voltage regulation in the FirstEnergy/PJM distribution feeders following integration of a 1,000 MW offshore wind power plant into its transmission system. The support in the legends of these plots refer to the reactive power support provided by the wind machine

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

Voltage and current profiles in a test distribution system with and without distributed generators

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

A 9‐bus test system

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

Rotor angle and voltage dynamics following a fault

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

Voltage and frequency dynamics at the point of interconnection following wind power variability. The values shown in the legend represent the level of wind power volatility

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

Electrical and communication connections in the traditional power systems

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

The distribution management system and its constitutive components

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

References

Ackermann,, T., Andersson,, G., & Söder,, L. (2001). Distributed generation: A definition. Electric Power Systems Research, 57(3), 195–204.
Aguero,, J. R., Takayesu,, E., Novosel,, D., & Masiello,, R. (2017). Modernizing the grid: Challenges and opportunities for a sustainable future. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 15(3), 74–83.
Amin,, S. M. (2011). Smart grid: Overview, issues and opportunities. Advances and challenges in sensing, modeling, simulation, optimization and control. European Journal of Control, 17(5), 547–567.
Anderson,, P. M. (1995). Analysis of faulted power systems (Vol. 445). New York, NY: IEEE Press.
Anderson,, P. M., & Fouad,, A. A. (2003). Power system control and stability. New York, NY: Wiley.
Bessa,, R., Moreira,, C., Silva,, B., & Matos,, M. (2014). Handling renewable energy variability and uncertainty in power systems operation. WIREs Energy and Environment, 3(2), 156–178.
Bevrani,, H., Ghosh,, A., & Ledwich,, G. (2010). Renewable energy sources and frequency regulation: Survey and new perspectives. IET Renewable Power Generation, 4(5), 438–457.
Boljevic,, S., & Conlon,, M. F. (2009). Fault current level issues for urban distribution network with high penetration of distributed generation. In 6th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) (pp. 1–6). New York, NY: IEEE.
Boutsika,, T. N., & Papathanassiou,, S. A. (2008). Short‐circuit calculations in networks with distributed generation. Electric Power Systems Research, 78(7), 1181–1191.
Das,, R., Madani,, V., Aminifar,, F., McDonald,, J., Venkata,, S., Novosel,, D., … Shahidehpour,, M. (2015). Distribution automation strategies: Evolution of technologies and the business case. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 6(4), 2166–2175.
Flynn,, D., Rather,, Z., Ardal,, A., D`Arco,, S., Hansen,, A. D., Cutululis,, N. A., … Wang, Y. (2017). Technical impacts of high penetration levels of wind power on power system stability. WIREs Energy and Environment, 6(2), e216.
Glover,, J. D., Sarma,, M., & Overbye,, T. (2011). Power system analysis %26 design, SI Version. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Gutman,, R. (1988). Application of line loadability concepts to operating studies. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 3(4), 1426–1433.
Hasheminamin,, M., Agelidis,, V. G., Salehi,, V., Teodorescu,, R., & Hredzak,, B. (2015). Index‐based assessment of voltage rise and reverse power flow phenomena in a distribution feeder under high pv penetration. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 5(4), 1158–1168.
Hatziargyriou,, N., Van Cutsem,, T., Milanović,, J., Pourbeik,, P., Vournas,, C., Vlachokyriakou,, O., … Colombari,, L., (2017). Contribution to bulk system control and stability by distributed energy resources connected at distribution network (Tech. Rep. PES TR22). Report prepared by IEEE.
Holdsworth,, L., Jenkins,, N., & Strbac,, G. (2001). Electrical stability of large, offshore wind farms. In IEE AC‐DC Power Transmission (pp. 156–161). Seventh International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 485). IET.
Holdsworth,, L., Wu,, X., Ekanayake,, J., & Jenkins,, N. (2003). Comparison of fixed speed and doubly‐fed induction wind turbines during power system disturbances. IEE Proceedings – Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 150, 343–352.
Ipakchi,, A., & Albuyeh,, F. (2009). Grid of the future. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 7(2), 52–62.
Kersting,, W. H. (2012). Distribution system modeling and analysis. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Kundur,, P., Balu,, N. J., & Lauby,, M. G. (1994). Power system stability and control (Vol. 7). New York, NY: McGraw‐Hill.
Liang,, X. (2017). Emerging power quality challenges due to integration of renewable energy sources. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 53(2), 855–866.
Lopes,, J. P., Hatziargyriou,, N., Mutale,, J., Djapic,, P., & Jenkins,, N. (2007). Integrating distributed generation into electric power systems: A review of drivers, challenges and opportunities. Electric Power Systems Research, 77(9), 1189–1203.
Machowski,, J., Bialek,, J., & Bumby,, J. (2008). Power system dynamics: Stability and control. New York, NY: Wiley.
Machowski,, J., Bialek,, J., & Bumby,, J. R. (1997). Power system dynamics and stability. New York, NY: Wiley.
Mackin,, P. (2011). Dynamic simulation studies of the frequency response of the three US interconnections with increased wind generation. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Madani,, V., Das,, R., Aminifar,, F., McDonald,, J., Venkata,, S., Novosel,, D., … Shahidehpour,, M. (2015). Distribution automation strategies challenges and opportunities in a changing landscape. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 6(4), 2157–2165.
Miller,, N. (2014). Western wind and solar integration study phase 3: Frequency response and transient stability (Tech. Rep.). Report prepared by National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO.
Miller,, N. W., Shao,, M., D`Aquila,, R., Pajic,, S., & Clark,, K. (2015). Frequency response of the us eastern interconnection under conditions of high wind and solar generation. In GREENTECH `15 Proceedings of the 2015 Seventh Annual IEEE Green Technologies Conference (pp. 21–28). New Orleans, LA: IEEE.
Moslehi,, K., & Kumar,, R. (2010). Smart grid‐a reliability perspective. In Innovative smart grid technologies (ISGT) (pp. 1–8). New York, NY: IEEE.
Narain,, J. (2015). Turbines turned off… because it`s too windy! They automatically shut down as gusts of 85mph swept country. Dailymail Online. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3324722/Turbines-turned-s-windy-automatically-shut-gusts-85mph-swept-country.html
O`Dwyer,, C., Ryan,, L., & Flynn,, D. (2017). Efficient large‐scale energy storage dispatch: Challenges in future high renewable systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 32(5), 3439–3450.
Panteli,, M., Crossley,, P. A., Kirschen,, D. S., & Sobajic,, D. J. (2013). Assessing the impact of insufficient situation awareness on power system operation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 28(3), 2967–2977.
Pilo,, F., Celli,, G., Ghiani,, E., & Soma,, G. G. (2013). New electricity distribution network planning approaches for integrating renewable. WIREs Energy and Environment, 2(2), 140–157.
Pogaku,, N., Prodanović,, M., & Green,, T. C. (2007). Modeling, analysis and testing of autonomous operation of an inverter‐based microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 22(2), 613–625.
Sajadi,, A., Farag,, H. E., Biczel,, P., & El‐Saadany,, E. F. (2012). Voltage regulation based on fuzzy multi‐agent control scheme in smart grids. In Energytech, 2012 IEEE (pp. 1–5). IEEE.
Sajadi,, A., Kolacinski,, R., & Loparo,, K. (2015). Impact of wind turbine generator type in large‐scale offshore wind farms on voltage regulation in distribution feeders. In Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), 2015 I.E. Power %26 Energy Society (pp. 1–5). New York, NY: IEEE.
Sajadi,, A., Kolacinski,, R. M., & Loparo,, K. A. (2016). Transient voltage stability of offshore wind farms following faults on the collector system. In Power and Energy Conference in Illinois (PECI), Champagne, IL (pp. 1–5). New York, NY: IEEE.
Sajadi,, A., Loparo,, K. A., D`Aquila,, R., Clark,, K., Waligorski,, J. G., & Baker,, S. (2016). Great lakes offshore wind project: Utility and regional integration study (Tech. Rep.). Report prepared by Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
Santacana,, E., Rackliffe,, G., Tang,, L., & Feng,, X. (2010). Getting smart. IEE Power %26 Energy Magazine, 8(2), 41–48.
Sauer,, P. W., & Pai,, M. (1998). Power system dynamics and stability. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Sgouras,, K. I., Bouhouras,, A. S., Gkaidatzis,, P. A., Doukas,, D. I., & Labridis,, D. P. (2017). Impact of reverse power flow on the optimal distributed generation placement problem. IET Generation, Transmission %26 Distribution, 11(18), 4626–4632.
Singh,, N., Kliokys,, E., Feldmann,, H., Kussel,, R., Chrustowski,, R., & Joborowicz,, C. (1998). Power system modelling and analysis in a mixed energy management and distribution management system. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 13(3), 1143–1149.
Singh,, S. N. (2009). Distributed generation in power systems: An overview and key issues. Paper presented at the 24th Indian Engineering Congress, Surathkal, Mangalore.
Smith,, J. C., Osborn,, D., Zavadil,, R., Lasher,, W., Gómez‐Lázaro,, E., Estanqueiro,, A., … Dale, L. (2013). Transmission planning for wind energy in the United States and europe: Status and prospects. WIREs Energy and Environment, 2(1), 1–13.
Strasser,, T., Andrén,, F., Merdan,, M., & Prostejovsky,, A. (2013). Review of trends and challenges in smart grids: An automation point of view. In V. Mařík, J. L. M. Lastra, & P. Skobelev (Eds.), Industrial Applications of Holonic and Multi‐Agent Systems. HoloMAS 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, (Vol. 8062). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Strezoski,, L., & Prica,, M. (2016). Calculation of relay currents in active weakly‐meshed distribution systems. Paper presented at the Clemson University Power System Conference, IEEE, Clemson, SC.
Strezoski,, V., Popovic,, D., Bekut,, D., & Svenda,, G. (2012). DMS—Basis of increasing distributed generation penetration in distribution networks. Thermal Science, 16, 189–203.
Subbarao,, K., Fuller,, J. C., Kalsi,, K., Pratt,, R. G., Widergren,, S. E., & Chassin,, D. P. (2013). Transactive control and coordination of distributed assets for ancillary services. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
Vittal,, E., Malley,, M. O., & Keane,, A. (2012). Rotor angle stability with high penetrations of wind generation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 27(1), 353–362.
Vittal,, E., O`Malley,, M., & Keane,, A. (2010). A steady‐state voltage stability analysis of power systems with high penetrations of wind. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 25(1), 433–442.
Vittal,, V., McCalley,, J., Ajjarapu,, V., & Shanbhag,, U. (2009). Impact of increased DFIG wind penetration on power systems and markets (Vol. 9). Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA: Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC).
Wang,, Y., Yemula,, P., & Bose,, A. (2015). Decentralized communication and control systems for power system operation. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 6(2), 885–893.
Willis,, H. L. (2000). Distributed power generation: Planning and evaluation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Wu,, F. F., Moslehi,, K., & Bose,, A. (2005). Power system control centers: Past, present, and future. Proceedings of the IEEE, 93(11), 1890–1908.
Xu,, L., Yao,, L., & Sasse,, C. (2006). Comparison of using SVC and STATCOM for wind farm integration. In International Conference on Power System Technology (PowerCon) (pp. 1–7). New York, NY: IEEE.
Zhang,, Y., Bank,, J., Wan,, Y.‐H., Muljadi,, E., & Corbus,, D. (2013). Synchrophasor measurement‐based wind plant inertia estimation. In Green Technologies Conference, 2013 IEEE (pp. 494–499). New York, NY: IEEE.

Access to this WIREs title is by subscription only.

Recommend to Your
Librarian Now!

The latest WIREs articles in your inbox

Sign Up for Article Alerts