How to cite this WIREs title:
WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol

Impact Factor: 7.689

Improving drug biological effects by encapsulation into polymeric nanocapsules

Advanced Review

Luiza A. Frank, Renata V. Contri, Ruy C. R. Beck, Adriana R. Pohlmann, Silvia S. Guterres

Published Online: Jan 30 2015

DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1334

Full article on Wiley Online Library: HTML PDF

Can't access this content? Tell your librarian.

This review is based on selected reports from 2004 to 2014 and provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the state of the art related to the drug delivery advantages of polymeric nanocapsules, which are a specific type of polymeric nanoparticles used for improvement of biological effects. Special attention is given to the application of nanocapsules to increase the chemical and photostability of drugs, to modulate the interaction with cells and tissues, to reduce adverse effects of drugs, and to increase the drug efficiency and/or bioavailability. Moreover, this review covers in vitro and in vivo studies, highlighting interesting examples of drugs from several therapeutic classes for which efficacy is improved by encapsulation in different types of nanocapsules, especially in lipid‐core nanocapsules. We also briefly present the first results obtained so far attesting to the safety of using polymeric nanocapsules for drug delivery. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:623–639. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1334 This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials

Number of documents per year for the filter ‘nanoc^* and drug’.

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

Skin irritation after application of capsaicin‐loaded nanocapsules incorporated into a chitosan gel. CH, chitosan gel; ET, ethanolic solution; NC, nanocapsules. (Reprinted with permission from Ref . Copyright 2014 Dovepress)

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

In vivo imaging of the fluorescent marker DiR loaded into nanocapsules with (NC5) or without (NC3) folate modified surface, two different tumor types – IGROV‐1 and He‐La were analyzed. (Reprinted with permission from Ref . Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society)

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

Tumor size observed in glioma‐implanted animals after treatment with indomethacin‐loaded nanocapsules. NC, nanocapsules; IndOH, indomethacin. ^***Significantly different from the control, drug‐unloaded nanocapsules (NC) and indomethacin (IndOH) groups (p < 0.001). (Reprinted with permission from Ref . Copyright 2009 Elsevier)

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

In vitro antioxidant activity of nanoencapsulated lipoic acid. NCAL, lipoic acid‐loaded nanocapsules; SAL, control drug solution. (Reprinted with permission from Ref . Copyright 2011 American Scientific Publishers)

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

Vaginal mucosae after contact with nanoformulations. (a) Control of plain mucosae, (b) control of free nile red formulation, (c) nanoformulation composed of cationic nanocapsules, and (d) nanoformulation composed of anionic nanocapsules). (Reprinted with permission from Ref . Copyright 2014 Dovepress)

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

Photostability of clobetasol propionate, encapsulated into different nanostructures, under UVA light. CS, commercial solution; ES, ethanol solution; NC, nanocapsules; NS, nanoshperes; NE, nanoemulsion. (Reprinted with permission from Ref . Copyright 2009 American Scientific Publishers)

[ Normal View | Magnified View ]

References

Thomson Reuters, Web of Science™. Available at: http://www.webofscience.br. (Accessed July 29, 2014).
Legrand, P, Barratt, G, Mosqueira, V, Fessi, H, Devissaguet, JP. Polymeric nanocapsules as drug delivery systems. A review. STP Pharma Sci 1999, 9:411–418.
Couvreur, P, Barratt, G, Fattal, E, Legrand, P, Vauthier, C. Nanocapsule technology: a review. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2002, 19:99–134.
Vauthier, C, Bouchemal, K. Methods for the preparation and manufacture of polymeric nanoparticles. Pharm Res 2009, 26:1025–1058.
Mora‐Huertas, CE, Fessi, H, Elaissari, A. Polymer‐based nanocapsules for drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2010, 385:113–142. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.10.018.
Sinha, VR, Bansal, K, Kaushik, R, Kumria, R, Trehan, A. Poly‐ϵ‐caprolactone microspheres and nanospheres: an overview. Int J Pharm 2004, 278:1–23.
Pohlmann, AR, Fonseca, FN, Paese, K, Detoni, CB, Coradini, K, Beck, RC, Guterres, SS. Poly (ϵ‐caprolactone) microcapsules and nanocapsules in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013, 10:623–638. doi:10.1517/17425247.2013.769956.
Chen, CK, Law, WC, Aalinkeel, R, Yu, Y, Nair, B, Wu, J, Mahajan, S, Reynolds, JL, Li, Y, Lai, CK, et al. Biodegradable cationic polymeric nanocapsules for overcoming multidrug resistance and enabling drug‐gene co‐delivery to cancer cells. Nanoscale 2014, 6:1567–1572. doi:10.1039/c3nr04804g.
Rata‐Aguilar, A, Sánchez‐Moreno, P, Jódar‐Reyes, AB, Martín‐Rodríguez, A, Boulaiz, H, Marchal‐Corrales, JA, Peula‐García, JM, Ortega‐Vinuesa, JL. Colloidal stability and “in vitro” antitumor targeting ability of lipid nanocapsules coated by folate–chitosan conjugates. J Bioact Compat Polym 2012, 27:388–404. doi:10.1177/0883911512447492.
Grebinişan, D, Holban, M, Şunel, V, Popa, M, Desbrieres, J, Lionte, C. Novel acyl derivatives of N‐(p‐aminobenzoyl)‐L‐glutamine encapsulated in polymeric nanocapsules with potential antitumoral activity. Cell Chem Technol 2011, 45:571–577.
Contri, RV, Frank, LA, Kaiser, M, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS. The use of nanoencapsulation to decrease human skin irritation caused by capsaicinoids. Int J Nanomedicine 2014, 9:951–962. doi:10.2147/IJN.S56579.
Contri, RV, Katzer, T, Ourique, AF, da Silva, ALM, Beck, RC, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS. Combined effect of polymeric nanocapsules and chitosan hydrogel on the increase of capsaicinoids adhesion to the skin surface. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2014, 10:820–830. doi:10.1166/jbn.2013.1752.
Frank, LA, Sandri, G, D`Autilia, F, Contri, RV, Bonferoni, MC, Caramella, C, Frank, AG, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS. Chitosan gel containing polymeric nanocapsules: a new formulation for vaginal drug delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2014, 9:3151–3161. doi:10.2147/IJN.S62599.
Bernardi, A, Zilberstein, ACCV, Jäger, E, Campos, MM, Morrone, FB, Calixto, JB, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS, Battastini, AMO. Effects of indomethacin‐loaded nanocapsules in experimental models of inflammation in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2009, 158:1104–1111.
Fichter, M, Baier, G, Dedters, M, Pretsch, L, Pietrzak‐Nguyen, A, Landfester, K, Gehring, S. Nanocapsules generated out of a polymeric dexamethasone shell suppress the inflammatory response of liver macrophages. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 2013, 9:1223–1234. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2013.05.005.
Baier, G, Baumann, D, Siebert, JM, Musyanovych, A, Mailänder, V, Landfester, K. Suppressing unspecific cell uptake for targeted delivery using hydroxyethyl starch nanocapsules. Biomacromolecules 2012, 13:2704–2715. doi:10.1021/bm300653v.
Zhao, M, Biswas, A, Hu, B, Joo, KI, Wang, P, Gu, Z, Tang, Y. Redox‐responsive nanocapsules for intracellular protein delivery. Biomaterials 2011, 32:5223–5230. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.03.060.
Bulcão, RP, de Freitas, FA, Dallegrave, E, Venturini, CG, Baierle, M, Durgante, J, Sauer, E, Cassini, C, Cerski, CT, Zielinsky, P, et al. In vivo toxicological evaluation of polymeric nanocapsules after intradermal administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014, 86:167–177. doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.04.001.
Dimer, FA, Ortiz, M, Pase, CS, Roversi, K, Friedrich, RB, Pohlmann, AR, Burger, ME, Guterres, SS. Nanoencapsulation of olanzapine increases its efficacy in antipsychotic treatment and reduces adverse effects. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2014, 10:1137–1145. doi:10.1166/jbn.2014.1817.
Friedrich, RB, Dimer, FA, Guterres, SS, Beck, RCR, Pohlmann, AR. Nanoencapsulation of tacrolimus in lipid‐core nanocapsules showed similar immunosuppressive activity after oral and intraperitoneal administrations. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2014, 10:1599–1609. doi:10.1166/jbn.2014.1842.
Pissinate, K, dos Santos Martins‐Duarte, É, Schaffazick, SR, de Oliveira, CP, Vommaro, RC, Guterres, SS, Pohlmann, AR, de Souza, W. Pyrimethamine‐loaded lipid‐core nanocapsules to improve drug efficacy for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. Parasitol Res 2014, 113:555–564. doi:10.1007/s00436-013-3715-6.
Yurgel, VC, Oliveira, CP, Begnini, KR, Schultze, E, Thurow, HS, Leon, PM, Dellagostin, OA, Campos, VF, Beck, RCR, Guterres, SS, et al. Methotrexate diethyl ester‐loaded lipid‐core nanocapsules in aqueous solution increased antineoplastic effects in resistant breast cancer cell line. Int J Nanomedicine 2014, 9:1583–1591. doi:10.2147/IJNS.S56506.
Silva, ALD,M, Contri, RV, Jornada, DS, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS. Vitamin K1‐loaded lipid‐core nanocapsules: physicochemical characterization and in vitro skin permeation. Skin Res Technol 2013, 19:e223–e230. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2012.00631.x.
Frozza, RL, Bernardi, A, Hoppe, JB, Meneghetti, AB, Battastini, AMO, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS, Salbego, C. Lipid‐core nanocapsules improve the effects of resveratrol against Aβ‐induced neuroinflammation. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2013, 9:2086–2104. doi:10.1166/jbn.2013.1709.
Bernardi, A, Frozza, RL, Meneghetti, A, Hoppe, JB, Battastini, AMO, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS, Salbego, CG. Indomethacin‐loaded lipid‐core nanocapsules reduce the damage triggered by Aβ1‐42 in Alzheimer`s disease models. Int J Nanomedicine 2012, 7:4927–4942. doi:10.2147/IJN.S35333.
Bulcão, RP, de Freitas, FA, Venturini, CG, Dallegrave, E, Durgante, J, Göethel, G, Cerski, CTS, Zielinsky, P, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS, et al. Acute and subchronic toxicity evaluation of poly (epsilon‐caprolactone) lipid‐core nanocapsules in rats. Toxicol Sci 2012, 132:162–176. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfs334.
Detoni, CB, Souto, GD, da Silva, ALM, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS. Photostability and skin penetration of different E‐resveratrol‐loaded supramolecular structures. Photochem Photobiol 2012, 88:913–921. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01147.x.
Külkamp, IC, Rabelo, BD, Berlitz, SJ, Isoppo, M, Bianchin, MD, Schaffazick, SR, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS. Nanoencapsulation improves the in vitro antioxidant activity of lipoic acid. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2011, 7:598–607. doi:10.1166/jbn.2011.1318.
Marchiori, MCL, Ourique, AF, Silva, CDB, Raffin, RP, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS, Beck, RCR. Spray‐dried powders containing tretinoin‐loaded engineered lipid‐core nanocapsules: development and photostability study. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012, 12:2059–2067. doi:10.1166/jnn.2011.5192.
Ourique, AF, Melero, A, Silva, CDBD, Schaefer, UF, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS, Lehr, CM, Kostka, KH, Beck, RCR. Improved photostability and reduced skin permeation of tretinoin: development of a semisolid nanomedicine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011, 79:95–101. doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.03.008.
Cattani, VB, Fiel, LA, Jäger, A, Jäger, E, Colomé, LM, Uchoa, F, Stefani, V, Dalla Costa, T, Guterres, SS, Pohlmann, AR. Lipid‐core nanocapsules restrained the indomethacin ethyl ester hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal lumen and wall acting as mucoadhesive reservoirs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010, 39:116–124. doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2009.11.004.
Ianiski, FR, Alves, CB, Souza, ACG, Pinton, S, Roman, SS, Rhoden, CR, Alves, MP, Luchese, C. Protective effect of meloxicam‐loaded nanocapsules against amyloid‐β peptide‐induced damage in mice. Behav Brain Res 2012, 230:100–107. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.01.055.
Ourique, AF, Azoubel, S, Ferreira, CV, Silva, CB, Marchiori, MCL, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS, Beck, RC. Lipid‐core nanocapsules as a nanomedicine for parenteral administration of tretinoin: development and in vitro antitumor activity on human myeloid leukaemia cells. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2010, 6:214–223. doi:10.1166/jbn.2010.1120.
Bernardi, A, Braganhol, E, Jäger, E, Figueiró, F, Edelweiss, MI, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS, Battastini, AM. Indomethacin‐loaded nanocapsules treatment reduces in vitro glioblastoma growth in a rat glioma model. Cancer Lett 2009, 281:53–63. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2009.02.018.
Fontana, MC, Coradini, K, Guterres, SS, Pohlmann, AR, Beck, RCR. Nanoencapsulation as a way to control the release and to increase the photostability of clobetasol propionate: influence of the nanostructured system. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2009, 5:254–263. doi:10.1166/jbn.2009.1030.
Külkamp, IC, Paese, K, Guterres, SS, Pohlmann, AR. Estabilização do ácido lipoico via encapsulação em nanocápsulas poliméricas planejadas para aplicação cutânea. Quím Nova 2009, 32:2078–2084.
Bernardi, A, Frozza, RL, Jäger, E, Figueiró, F, Bavaresco, L, Salbego, C, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS, Battastini, AM. Selective cytotoxicity of indomethacin and indomethacin ethyl ester‐loaded nanocapsules against glioma cell lines: an in vitro study. Eur J Pharmacol 2008, 586:24–34. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.026.
Rigo, LA, Frescura, V, Fiel, L, Coradini, K, Ourique, AF, Emanuelli, T, Quatrin, A, Tedesco, S, Da Silva, CB, Guterres, SS, et al. Influence of the type of vegetable oil on the drug release profile from lipid‐core nanocapsules and in vitro genotoxicity study. Pharm Dev Technol 2014, 19:789–798. doi:10.3109/10837450.2013.829097.
Silveira, EFD, Chassot, JM, Teixeira, FC, Azambuja, JH, Debom, G, Beira, FT, Del Pino, FAB, Lourenço, A, Horn, AP, Cruz, L, et al. Ketoprofen‐loaded polymeric nanocapsules selectively inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro and in preclinical model of glioblastoma multiforme. Invest New Drugs 2013, 31:1424–1435. doi:10.1007/s10637-013-0016-y.
Fachinetto, JM, Ourique, AF, Lubini, G, Tedesco, SB, Silva, AC, Ruy, CR. Tretinoin‐loaded polymeric nanocapsules: evaluation of the potential to improve the antiproliferative activities on Allium cepa root‐tip compared to the free drug. Lat Am J Pharm 2008, 27:668–673.
Benvegnú, DM, Barcelos, RCS, Boufleur, N, Pase, CS, Reckziegel, P, Flores, FC, Ourique, AF, Dalla Nora, M, Da Silva, CB, Beck, RCR, et al. Haloperidol‐loaded polysorbate‐coated polymeric nanocapsules decrease its adverse motor side effects and oxidative stress markers in rats. Neurochem Int 2012, 61:623–631. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.06.015.
Benvegnú, DM, Barcelos, R, Boufleur, N, Reckziegel, P, Pase, CS, Ourique, AF, Beck, RCR, Bürger, ME. Haloperidol‐loaded polysorbate‐coated polymeric nanocapsules increase its efficacy in the antipsychotic treatment in rats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011, 77:332–336. doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.12.016.
Almeida, JS, Lima, F, Da Ros, S, Bulhoes, LO, de Carvalho, LM, Beck, RC. Nanostructured systems containing rutin: in vitro antioxidant activity and photostability studies. Nanoscale Res Lett 2010, 5:1603–1610. doi:10.1007/s11671-010-9683-1.
Hoppe, JB, Coradini, K, Frozza, RL, Oliveira, CM, Meneghetti, AB, Bernardi, A, Pires, ES, Beck, RCR, Salbego, CG. Free and nanoencapsulated curcumin suppress β‐amyloid‐induced cognitive impairments in rats: Involvement of BDNF and Akt/GSK‐3β signaling pathway. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013, 106:134–144. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.08.001.
Zanotto‐Filho, A, Coradini, K, Braganhol, E, Schröder, R, de Oliveira, CM, Simões‐Pires, A, Moreira, JCF. Curcumin‐loaded lipid‐core nanocapsules as a strategy to improve pharmacological efficacy of curcumin in glioma treatment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013, 83:156–167. doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.10.019.
Haas, SE, Bettoni, CC, de Oliveira, LK, Guterres, SS, Dalla Costa, T. Nanoencapsulation increases quinine antimalarial efficacy against Plasmodium berghei in vitro. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009, 34:156–161. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.02.024.
Nhung, DTT, Freydiere, AM, Constant, H, Falson, F, Pirot, F. Sustained antibacterial effect of a hand rub gel incorporating chlorhexdine‐loaded nanocapsules (Nanochlorex^®). Int J Pharm 2007, 334:166–172. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.10.017.
Alvarez‐Román, R, Naik, A, Kalia, YN, Guy, RH, Fessi, H. Skin penetration and distribution of polymeric nanoparticles. J Control Release 2004, 99:53–62. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.06.015.
Bender, EA, Cavalcante, MF, Adorne, MD, Colomé, LM, Guterres, SS, Abdalla, DS, Pohlmann, AR. New strategy to surface functionalization of polymeric nanoparticles: one‐pot synthesis of scFv anti‐LDL (−)‐functionalized nanocapsules. Pharm Res 2014, 31:2975–2987. doi:10.1007/s11095-014-1392-5.
Damgé, C, Maincent, P, Ubrich, N. Oral delivery of insulin associated to polymeric nanoparticles in diabetic rats. J Control Release 2007, 117:163–170. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.10.023.
Brum, TL, Fiel, LA, Contri, RV, Guterres, SS, Pohlmann, AR. Polymeric nanocapsules and lipid‐core nanocapsules have diverse skin penetration. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014, 14:1–8. doi:10.1166/jnn.2014.9185.
Bender, EA, Adorne, MD, Colomé, LM, Abdalla, DS, Guterres, SS, Pohlmann, AR. Hemocompatibility of poly (ε‐caprolactone) lipid‐core nanocapsules stabilized with polysorbate 80‐lecithin and uncoated or coated with chitosan. Int J Pharm 2012, 426:271–279. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.01.051.
Almouazen, E, Bourgeois, S, Jordheim, LP, Fessi, H, Briançon, S. Nano‐encapsulation of vitamin D3 active metabolites for application in chemotherapy: formulation study and in vitro evaluation. Pharm Res 2013, 30:1137–1146. doi:10.1007/s11095-012-0949-4.
Park, MJ, Balakrishnan, P, Yang, SG. Polymeric nanocapsules with SEDDS oil‐core for the controlled and enhanced oral absorption of cyclosporine. Int J Pharm 2013, 441:757–764. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.10.018.
Teixeira, Z, Dreiss, CA, Lawrence, MJ, Heenan, RK, Machado, D, Justo, GZ, Guterres, SS, Durán, N. Retinyl palmitate polymeric nanocapsules as carriers of bioactives. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012, 382:36–47. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2012.05.042.
Mazzarino, L, Dora, CL, Bellettini, IC, Minatti, E, Cardoso, SG, Lemos‐Senna, E. Curcumin‐loaded polymeric and lipid nanocapsules: preparation, characterization and chemical stability evaluation. Lat Am J Pharm 2010, 29:933–940.
Teixeira, Z, Zanchetta, B, Melo, BA, Oliveira, LL, Santana, MH, Paredes‐Gamero, EJ, Justo, GZ, Nader, HB, Guterres, SS, Durán, N. Retinyl palmitate flexible polymeric nanocapsules: characterization and permeation studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010, 81:374–380. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.06.016.
Paolino, D, Cosco, D, Celano, M, Moretti, S, Puxeddu, E, Russo, D, Fresta, M. Gemcitabine‐loaded biocompatible nanocapsules for the effective treatment of human cancer. Nanomedicine 2013, 8:193–201. doi:10.2217/NNM.12.101.
Bazylińska, U, Lewińska, A, Lamch, Ł, Wilk, KA. Polymeric nanocapsules and nanospheres for encapsulation and long sustained release of hydrophobic cyanine‐type photosensitizer. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014, 442:42–49. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.02.023.
Almouazen, E, Bourgeois, S, Boussaïd, A, Valot, P, Malleval, C, Fessi, H, Nataf, S, Briançon, S. Development of a nanoparticle‐based system for the delivery of retinoic acid into macrophages. Int J Pharm 2012, 430:207–215. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.03.025.
De Paula, CS, Tedesco, AC, Primo, FL, Vilela, JMC, Andrade, MS, Mosqueira, VCF. Chloroaluminium phthalocyanine polymeric nanoparticles as photosensitisers: Photophysical and physicochemical characterisation, release and phototoxicity in vitro. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013, 49:371–381. doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2013.03.011.
Fontana, MC, Coradini, K, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS, Beck, RCR. Nanocapsules prepared from amorphous polyesters: effect on the physicochemical characteristics, drug release, and photostability. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010, 10:3091–3099. doi:10.1166/jnn.2010.1920.
Paiva, AM, Pinto, RA, Teixeira, M, Barbosa, CM, Lima, RT, Vasconcelos, MH, Sousa, E, Pinto, M. Development of noncytotoxic PLGA nanoparticles to improve the effect of a new inhibitor of p53–MDM2 interaction. Int J Pharm 2013, 454:394–402. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.017.
Napimoga, MH, da Silva, CA, Carregaro, V, Farnesi‐de‐Assunção, TS, Duarte, PM, de Melo, NF, Fraceto, LF. Exogenous administration of 15d‐PGJ2–loaded nanocapsules inhibits bone resorption in a mouse periodontitis model. J Immunol 2012, 189:1043–1052. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1200730.
Stecanella, LA, Taveira, SF, Marreto, RN, Valadares, MC, Vieira, MDS, Kato, MJ, Lima, EM. Development and characterization of PLGA nanocapsules of grandisin isolated from Virola surinamensis: in vitro release and cytotoxicity studies. Rev Bras Farmacogn 2013, 23:153–159. doi:10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000128.
de Melo, NFS, Ferreira, N, De Araujo, DR, Grillo, R, Moraes, CM, De Matos, AP, Fraceto, LF. Benzocaine‐loaded polymeric nanocapsules: study of the anesthetic activities. J Pharm Sci 2012, 101:1157–1165. doi:10.1002/jps.22829.
El‐Gogary, RI, Rubio, N, Wang, JTW, Al‐Jamal, WT, Bourgognon, M, Kafa, H, Naeem, M, Klippstein, R, Abbate, V, Leroux, F, et al. Polyethylene glycol conjugated polymeric nanocapsules for targeted delivery of quercetin to folate‐expressing cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. ACS Nano 2014, 8:1384–1401. doi:10.1021/nn405155b.
de Melo, NFS, Grillo, R, Guilherme, VA, de Araujo, DR, de Paula, E, Rosa, AH, Fraceto, LF. Poly (lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanocapsules containing benzocaine: influence of the composition of the oily nucleus on physico‐chemical properties and anesthetic activity. Pharm Res 2011, 28:1984–1994. doi:10.1007/s11095-011-0425-6.
Pietkiewicz, J, Zielińska, K, Saczko, J, Kulbacka, J, Majkowski, M, Wilk, KA. New approach to hydrophobic cyanine‐type photosensitizer delivery using polymeric oil‐cored nanocarriers: hemolytic activity, in vitro cytotoxicity and localization in cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010, 39:322–335. doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2009.12.012.
Taheri, S, Baier, G, Majewski, P, Barton, M, Förch, R, Landfester, K, Vasilev, K. Synthesis and antibacterial properties of a hybrid of silver‐potato starch nanocapsules by miniemulsion/polyaddition polymerization. J Mater Chem B 2014, 2:1838–1845. doi:10.1039/c3tb21690j.
Rodriguez‐Emmenegger, C, Jäger, A, Jäger, E, Stepanek, P, Alles, A, Guterres, SS, Pohlmann, AR, Brynda, E. Polymeric nanocapsules ultra stable in complex biological media. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011, 83:376–381. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.12.013.
Paese, K, Jäger, A, Poletto, FS, Pinto, EF, Rossi‐Bergmann, B, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS. Semisolid formulation containing a nanoencapsulated sunscreen: effectiveness, in vitro photostability and immune response. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2009, 5:240–246. doi:10.1166/jbn.2009.1028.
Poletto, FS, Jäger, E, Cruz, L, Pohlmann, AR, Guterres, SS. The effect of polymeric wall on the permeability of drug‐loaded nanocapsules. Mater Sci Eng C 2008, 28:472–478. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2007.04.015.
Jäger, E, Venturini, CG, Poletto, FS, Colomé, LM, Pohlmann, JP, Bernardi, A, Battastini, AMO, Guterres, SS, Pohlmann, AR. Sustained release from lipid‐core nanocapsules by varying the core viscosity and the particle surface area. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2009, 5:130–140. doi:10.1166/jbn.2009.1004.
Jäger, A, Stefani, V, Guterres, SS, Pohlmann, AR. Physico‐chemical characterization of nanocapsule polymeric wall using fluorescent benzazole probes. Int J Pharm 2007, 338:297–305. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.01.051.
Venturini, CG, Jäger, E, Oliveira, CP, Bernardi, A, Battastini, AM, Guterres, SS, Pohlmann, AR. Formulation of lipid core nanocapsules. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011, 375:200–208. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.12.011.
Schaffazick, SR, Siqueira, IR, Badejo, AS, Jornada, DS, Pohlmann, AR, Netto, CA, Guterres, SS. Incorporation in polymeric nanocapsules improves the antioxidant effect of melatonin against lipid peroxidation in mice brain and liver. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008, 69:64–71. doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.11.010.
St‐Onge, MP, Jones, PJ. Physiological effects of medium‐chain triglycerides: potential agents in the prevention of obesity. J Nutr 2002, 132:329–332.
Safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials Guidelines` from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Avaliable at: http://www.oecd.org/science/nanosafety/publicationsintheseriesonthesafetyofmanufacturednanomaterials.htm. (Accessed December 4, 2014).

Access to this WIREs title is by subscription only.

Recommend to Your
Librarian Now!

The latest WIREs articles in your inbox

Sign Up for Article Alerts