Functionalized radioactive gold nanoparticles in tumor therapy

Advanced Review

Raghuraman Kannan, Ajit Zambre, Nripen Chanda, Rajesh Kulkarni, Ravi Shukla, Kavita Katti, Anandhi Upendran, Cathy Cutler, Evan Boote, Kattesh V. Katti

Published Online: Sep 22 2011

DOI: 10.1002/wnan.161

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Abstract The development of new treatment modalities that offer clinicians the ability to reduce sizes of tumor prior to surgical resection or to achieve complete ablation without surgery would be a significant medical breakthrough in the overall care and treatment of prostate cancer patients. The goal of our investigation is aimed at validating the hypothesis that Gum Arabic‐functionalized radioactive gold nanoparticles (GA‐198AuNP) have high affinity toward tumor vasculature. We hypothesized further that intratumoral delivery of the GA‐198AuNP agent within prostate tumor will allow optimal therapeutic payload that will significantly or completely ablate tumor without side effects, in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer. In order to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of this new nanoceutical, GA‐198AuNP was produced by stabilization of radioactive gold nanoparticles (198Au) with the FDA‐approved glycoprotein, GA. This review will describe basic and clinical translation studies toward realization of the therapeutic potential and myriad of clinical applications of GA‐198AuNP agent in treating prostate and various solid tumors in human cancer patients. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012, 4:42–51. doi: 10.1002/wnan.161 This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease

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Synthesis of GA‐AuNP.

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CT imaging of tumors in pre and post intratumoral administration of GA‐AuNP in prostate tumor bearing mice. Red Arrow indicates the homogeneity in distribution of GA‐AuNP agent in prostate tumor within 1 h and 24 hrs post administration.

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Biodistribution profile showing retention of GA‐¹⁹⁸AuNP in prostate tumor after intratumoral injection.

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