Conceptual model of high mountain hydrogeological processes. Water is stored below the ground surface in talus slopes, moraines, alluvial deposits, wetlands, and bedrock aquifers. Groundwater flow is impacted by geologic heterogeneity and structures, and permafrost as it drains to springs, mountain rivers, wetlands, or contributes to mountain‐block recharge, helping to sustain mountain streamflow or basin water resources, particularly during dry periods.

“El Río es Para la Gente.” A Mural at Manzo Elementary School, Tucson, Arizona, USA (Image source: K. Meehan).

Glacio‐hydrological models are used to estimate glacier melt contribution and analyze future changes due to climate change and glacier retreat. An essential step in the modeling process are the calibration and validation of the model, for which different strategies exist. Especially stepwise and multi‐data calibration are important when modeling glacierized catchments.

Temporal precipitation variability has a considerable impact on terrestrial ecosystem productivity, which deserves more attention under global climate change.

Influencing factors of dew moisture regimes in desert ecosystems

A Nepali laborer pauses inside the powerhouse tunnels of the Rasuwagadhi Hydropower Project during the construction phase, as trucks come and go 24 hours a day. March 2015. Photo by Austin Lord.

Harbor deepening projects in the southeastern United States illuminate a global phenomenon that has accelerated in recent decades: navigable rivers and coastal estuaries are being dredged to new depths as port authorities and governments compete to benefit from new generations of massive oceangoing ships (Base imagery sources: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i‐cubed, USDA FSA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community).