Elizabeth K. Johnson, Katherine S. White
Published Online: Aug 27 2019
DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1515
The variable nature of input to the child language learner.
Abstract
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Alexander L. Francis, Jordan Love
Published Online: Aug 05 2019
DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1514
A schematic illustration of the proposed clear distinction between demanded effort (associated with task properties) and the two less easily distinguished (hence fuzzily bounded) behaviorally or physiologically measurable properties of exerted and (self‐)assessed effort. Demanded effort is quantifiable in terms of task properties such as SNR, number of competing talkers, memory load, degree of distortion of target speech, and so forth. Exerted and assessed effort are typically quantified using the behavioral and physiological measures discussed in the text. We also indicate a proposed distinction between externally and internally directed cognitive resources and associated these both mainly with exerted effort because, while they are often distinguished theoretically (see text), they may or may not be distinguishable in terms of how listeners feel about (assess) the effort they are exerting. SNR, signal‐to‐noise ratios.
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