Techno‐economic aspects in power grid under transitioning to a low‐carbon grid.

Sustainable and efficient energy storage devices are crucial to meet the soaring global energy demand. In this context, Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) have emerged as one of the excellent alternatives to the Li‐ion batteries, due to the uniform geographical distribution, abundance, cost‐effectiveness, comparable operating voltage as well as similar intercalation chemistry. However, due to larger size of Na and other related issues, a subtle strategy of research is required for the development of electrode materials for NIBs to enhance overall electrochemical performance. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on recent advances of polyanionic cathode materials for NIBs for cost effective and large scale energy storage applications. Owing to their great thermal and chemical stability, high redox potential (inductive effect), and rich structural diversity, polyanionic cathodes have been considered potential candidates in recent years. We cover a large number of polyanionic materials and conclude with the strategies to improve the energy and power density of NIB.

Active distribution networks adopt control schemes to prevent congestion issues, while increasing network utilization. Mathematical optimization is a key technology in enabling such applications. This article reviews how distribution networks are modeled with varying degrees of detail, and catalogs the applications that use such models.